A Community Master Plan for  
 

Pound, Virginia 

DRAFT Report 
 

Prepared by:  

Arnett Muldrow & Associates, Ltd.

Greenville, SC 

In conjunction with: 

Mahan Rykiel Associates, Inc.

Baltimore, MD 

Mattern & Craig, Inc.

Kingsport, TN 
 

January 16, 2007 

Table of Contents 
 
 

1. Introduction

1. Background and Purpose

Pound, Virginia is a community of about 1,100 residents located in the far southwest region of Virginia in Wise County.  Pound is the oldest community of Wise County but was not incorporated as a town until 1950.  The community is located along the Pound River just four miles from the Virginia-Kentucky line.  Pound’s economic base relies largely on coal mining.     

In 2005, community leadership under the auspices of the Town Council began working on a series of projects designed to revitalize the business district of the Pound Community.  The Mayor, Town Council, and volunteer community leaders embarked on a detailed effort to document buildings and businesses, conduct customer surveys, and conduct meetings to discuss the future of Pound.  In December of 2005, Arnett Muldrow & Associates was hired to develop a brief vision document that would summarize the goals and objectives of the community’s revitalization effort.   

The goals of the effort became clear early in the process.  The Community Master Plan for Pound would be a roadmap for the community as a whole to do the following:

• Preserve and enhance the small town charm of Pound by enhancing the physical environment of the community. 
• Create opportunities for economic growth in the community by reinforcing existing businesses and encouraging new business to locate in the community.
• Increase the quality of life for citizens of Pound through activities and enhanced public amenities for the community.
• Use the natural and historic qualities of Pound as a resource to encourage visitation, investment, and local pride. 

2. Report Format

This plan report is designed to present the findings of the Community Master Plan in a brief and easy to understand format.  It begins with two important assessment chapters.  The economic restructuring chapter is a detailed market assessment of Pound that provides the economic framework under which the plan is presented.  It looks at the private sector commercial and residential opportunities that exist for the business district.  The physical assessment chapter examines the various infrastructure improvements needed to support private investments.  These assessments are then categorized into four strategies for the future of Pound along with implementation tactics.  These implementation steps are presented as short, medium and, where necessary, long-term improvements.   

The report concludes with an implementation strategy and action plan designed to outline the steps needed to begin implementation.  This strategy is summarized in a “Strategy Board” which distills all of the recommendations of the Community Master Plan into a one-sheet document. 

3. Acknowledgments

This report would not have been possible without the participation of many people in Pound. Special thanks go to the steering committee comprised of representatives of the Town of Pound, private sector stakeholders, Wise County officials and many other community leaders who actively directed the team’s work on this project.  Thanks also go to the many citizens, merchants, property owners, and other stakeholders who candidly shared their thoughts and hopes as we developed this plan.   

2. Economic Restructuring Assessment

1. Introduction

Many of the strategies for Pound rely on analysis of the market conditions that affect the community. This chapter presents the findings of the market research for Pound and provides detailed analysis that can be used to recruit business, help existing businesses target customers, and develop and refine a marketing strategy so that Pound remains competitive in the years to come. 

This effort provides a snapshot of trade patterns in the community from which certain conclusions can be drawn.  This study does not necessarily reflect the exact trade patterns that a particular business might see through the course of the year.  But, the information provided does provide valuable insight into the trade area for Pound.   

The resulting sales and consumer expenditure patterns for the areas studied then become very accurate tools to evaluate the amount of retail sales “leaking” from the community.  This information is based on the most recent data available and is a very reliable source for understanding market patterns. 

This chapter is divided into three parts.  The first describes the zip code survey and analysis presenting the findings and a definition of the market. The second section provides two distinct retail market analyses:  a retail leakage analysis and a retail shares analysis. A third section examines the housing market for the central business district.  Each section concludes with some key findings.      

It is these findings that have informed many of the marketing, economic, and physical recommendations of the main report.  This section can be used as a marketing and recruitment tool for individual businesses seeking to set up shop in Pound and for existing businesses wishing to develop marketing plans or expand product lines.

2. Market Definition

In late September and early October of 2006 thirty Pound businesses participated in a zip code survey of their customers.  Merchants were provided with a form to record customer zip codes and asked to keep the log for all customers during one-week period. In all, 2085 zip codes were recorded during the one-week period.  This represented a remarkable participation rate of 50% of all businesses and nearly 80% of all retailers in the town. 

1. Zip Code Results

The results of the zip code survey are listed below:

• During the one-week period businesses recorded customers from 94 unique different zip codes and twelve different states.
• Twenty-eight percent (28%) of the customers came from the Town of Pound and an additional thirty-nine percent (39%) were from the Pound zip code outside of the town limits. 
• Neighboring zip codes in Wise County represented an additional twenty-one percent of the customers (21%)
• Kentucky represented eight percent (8%) of the customers while visitors from “other” places represented about four percent (4%). 

The charts below provide further insight into the breakdown of customer visits to the participating businesses.  
 
 Figure 1:  Breakdown of visitor zip codes to the businesses.

2. Trade Area Definitions

Since zip codes each have different populations, customer visits are most accurately tracked on the number of visits in relation to the population.  The table below shows customer visits per 1,000 population for each of the highest representative visits from a distinct area.     
 

Figure 2:  Visitors per thousand residents by zip code. 
 

By this measure, downtown Pound’s primary retail trade area is defined as the Pound Zip code itself both in and outside of the town of Pound.  It is obvious from the results that residents of Pound itself are more loyal shoppers than those who have a Pound zip code but live in unincorporated Wise County.  The customer loyalty then dramatically drops from 335 visits per thousand to only about 35 visits per thousand for neighboring Clintwood.  Customers from the Pound zip code itself represented nearly 70% of all the visits to local shops.   
 

Wise, VA; Mayking, KY; Jenkins, KY; Eolia, KY; and Clintwood, VA each had customer visits to Pound over 10 visits per thousand residents.  These additional zip codes listed on the table above represent what we term the “Secondary Trade Area” for Pound.  One in every five customers visiting Pound come from one of these communities.  This is an area where Pound can potentially capture additional customers. 

3. Other Observations

Figure 3:  Percent "visitor" traffic in participating businesses.  Visitor is defined as any zip code not adjacent to Pound. 
 
 

While the overall visitor market to Pound represents a relatively small portion of the customer base, it is significant for a number of businesses.  The chart below shows that two businesses had over a third of their customer base from outside of the immediate trading area while an additional five had over 10% “visitor” rate to their businesses.  Remarkably, many of the “visitors” to Pound that had zip codes from far away were tracked in a number of businesses indicating a level of shop browsing in Pound that is unique for a study of this nature.  Typically, downtown merchants track little to no browsing activity.  This represents a latent opportunity for Pound to capitalize on a potential visitor market. 

4. Trade Area Demographics

 Primary Trade Area:  Pound Zip code

• The 2005 population of the PTA is estimated at 5,124.
• This population has declined 2.9% from 4,979 since 2000.
• By 2010 this population will continue to increase at 3.2% to 5,289.
• 2005 Estimated Per capita income is $15,187.
• Median household income is $29,620.  This income is slightly lower than Wise County, higher than Norton, but lower than Kingsport, TN.

 Secondary Trade Area:  Wise, Clintwood, Jenkins, Mayking, and Eolia Zip Codes

• The 2005 population of the STA is estimated at 26,406.
• This population increased by 1.3% since 2000.
• By 2010 this population will continue to increase very slightly by 1.2% to 27,088.
• The income levels of the Secondary Trade Area vary widely with the Town of Wise being the only income level that exceeds that of Pound. 

5. Market Definition Conclusions

• Pound is a highly localized market (69% of the customers are from the Pound zip code and an additional 23% from immediately neighboring communities)
• Overall, few visitors are coming to Pound from other places (about 4%).  However, some businesses are seeing significant visitor traffic. 
• Those that come from other states ARE browsing the shops.  This is a very big asset for Pound and something rarely seen in comparable zip code surveys.
• Customers from the Town of Pound are more loyal to local shops than those that have a Pound Zip Code outside of the town limits.
• Pound is a slow growth community with income levels that are not altogether different from the greater region. 

3. Retail Market Analysis

Pound is a retail center serving the market defined above.  In this section the Pound retail market will be examined to identify potential opportunities for retail.  This section will look at retail in Pound in two key studies: 

1. A retail leakage analysis that will look at the primary and secondary trade areas to see how much money is “leaking” from the area to stores in other areas.  From this, two “capture scenarios” will be developed to illustrate how much retail space could potentially be brought back into Pound based on the demand in the market.

2. A retail shares analysis that examines performance of retail stores in Pound’s primary trade area as a benchmark of the greater region.

1. Business Sales At a Glance

There are approximately twenty-four retail establishments in the Town of Pound that employ 171 people making retail a major component of the Pound’s economy.   

The Pound Zip Code (the Primary Trade Area) has a retail trade of about $26.1 million each year in selected retail categories (automobile and vehicle dealers as well as mail-order sales are excluded).  Professional and personal services represent another $25.4 million in trade each year.   

The Secondary Trade Area of Pound that includes Wise, Clintwood, Jenkins, and three other Kentucky communities has a retail trade of $226 million annually.  This is nearly ten times the retail trade of Pound’s Primary Trade area. 

2. Retail Leakage Defined

“Retail Leakage” refers to the difference between the retail expenditures by residents living in a particular area and the retail sales produced by the stores located in the same area.  If desired products are not available within that area, consumers will travel to other places or use different methods to obtain those products.  Consequently, the dollars spent outside of the area are said to be “leaking”.  If a community is a major retail center with a variety of stores it will be “attracting” rather than “leaking” retail sales.  Even large communities may see leakage in certain retail categories. 

Such an analysis is not an exact science.  In some cases large outflow may indicate that money is being spent elsewhere (drug store purchases at a Wal-Mart or apparel purchases through mail-order).  It is important to note that this analysis accounts best for retail categories where households (rather than businesses) are essentially the only consumer groups.  For example, hardware stores may have business sales that are not accounted for in consumer expenditures.  Stores such as jewelry shops and clothing stores are more accurately analyzed using this technique. 
 

3. Retail Leakage in the Trade Areas

The retail leakage analysis of Pound’s primary trade area suggests that, overall, Pound is leaking sales to other communities.  The Primary Trade Area’s sales again are $26.1 million while consumers in the Primary Trade Area are spending $48.8 million on the same retail goods each year.  In total, the Pound zip code is leaking sales to the tune of $22.7 million each year.   

Many would ascertain that the Secondary Trade Area that includes the larger retail centers of Wise and smaller centers of Clintwood and Jenkins would make up for that difference.  However, even with sales of $226 million in those areas, consumers are still spending $258 million each year.  In other words, the Secondary Trade Area is ALSO leaking sales of about $32 million each year.  Norton may be picking up some of the slack yet it is safe to assume that the Tri-Cities and even larger communities in Kentucky may be absorbing some of this retail leakage.  

These numbers represent the total retail leakage for Pound.  The real opportunities lie in the ability of Pound to attract new retail and expand existing retail within certain targeted categories.  The charts on the following pages give insight into the opportunities for Pound for specific retail categories and provide a detailed charting of retail leakage and gains in a variety of retail store types.  Please note that some categories on the charts are “subsections” of broader categories. 

Figure 4:  Primary Trade Area Retail Gap Analysis, Source:  Claritas 
 

Figure 5:  Secondary Trade Area Gap Analysis, Source:  Claritas

4. Market Potential Analysis

Pound’s downtown cannot reasonably expect to capture all of the leaking sales from all retail categories where a sales gap exists.  As a result, we must look at a potential capture scenario that might illustrate the potential for additional downtown retail should some of the lost revenues be captured. 

The table below illustrates the new or expanded retail space that could be supported in Pound by capturing these sales under a scenario where 20% of leakage from the primary trade area is captured and 10% of the leakage from the secondary trade area is captures.  The sales per square foot for retail store types have been obtained from a combination of Dollars and Cents of Shopping Centers, published by the Urban Land Institute and retail industry benchmarks from Bizstats.com.   

Figure 6:  Supportable square footage scenarios.  Source:  Arnett Muldrow & Associates, Claritas, www.bizstats.com 
 

Based on this scenario table, Pound could support 21,689 of additional retail space.  However, the 3941 square feet of Department Store space and 8054 square feet of Grocery Store space is not a likely candidate for Pound and is shown in red. These store types are likely to locate in Wise and Norton and the recent opening of the Food City is evidence of this captured opportunity.   

The most important retail opportunities for Pound are the following:  

• Furniture and home furnishings:  these stores can take on a variety of formats from mom-and-pop accessory stores, to locally crafted furniture.  These types of stores typically can have a broad trading area and can fit in well with complementary stores such as antiques.
• Clothing stores:  these stores also are highly flexible ranging from consignment shops to ladies ready-to-wear.  Again, these store types can attract from a large trade area. 
• Sporting Goods:  these store types can range from hunting and fishing gear to camping, biking, and outdoors goods.  This may be an opportunity for certain existing stores to expand product lines. 
• Office, stationary and gifts:  This broad category represents a good match for many downtown locations.  In spite of the growth of major office supply chain stores, small-town stores that carry some products are still in demand particularly if they combine gifts as a component of the stores’ inventory. 
• Full-service restaurants:  Pound has several existing restaurants that serve a variety of food.  This growing sector of retail trade could carve out a niche that is currently underserved in the market without being direct competition with existing restaurants.

Additionally, several other demand indicators might help existing businesses expand their merchandise mix to attract shoppers who are otherwise going somewhere else to buy these products.  While these opportunities represent a scenario for growth in Pound, it is important to recognize that there are many factors that relate to a business’s success other than market demand.  Careful consideration should be given prior to making any business decisions on this data alone. 

4. Retail Shares Analysis

Retail shares analysis places Pound’s primary trade area businesses as a proportion of the larger region.  This, in turn, is used to benchmark selected retail categories to determine if particular retail types are underperforming (representing an opportunity for expansion) or performing exceptionally well (representing an opportunity for clustering additional related businesses around a strength.  This study is entirely different from a leakage study because it accounts for the potential for visitor traffic to impact trading patterns in a business district.  

Businesses located in Pound’s combined trade area (excluding automotive related retail) account for 3.2% of all retail within a three county area including Wise, Dickenson, and Kentucky’s Letcher County.  This figure becomes the benchmark against which particular retail strength can be examined.   

The table above tallies the results of the shares analysis showing those retail categories that have particular strengths in the three county region.  Used merchandise stores account for 15% of the retail trade in the three counties.  Antique stores are a subset of used merchandise.  Not only does Pound account for a significant share of the three county market, it has nearly as much volume of retail sales as the larger Wise community to the south.   

Foodservice and dining also appears to be a strength of the community overall indicating a dual trend of leakage meaning pent up demand and regional market strength.   

In conclusion, both restaurants and antiques do represent a significant opportunity for Pound in addition to the other retail store types indicated above.   
 

5. Residential Market Study

In addition to the business trade for Pound, the residential market should also be examined to determine whether there are opportunities for residential growth in the business district.  Residential development has become a keystone for revitalizing commercial districts across the country and can be an important component of the success of downtown. 

1. Residential Supply

There are an estimated 2,081 occupied housing units in Pound’s primary trade area in 2005.  Of these, 80.54% of them are owner occupied housing units with the average length of residency being fourteen years.  This represents a very stable market where residents tend to hold on to their property and stay put for a long period of time. 

Of the housing units, 57.3% are single-family detached units with another 37.5% as mobile home units.  This represents a market that is dominated by single-family detached unit types since only about 5% of the units are multi-family type products.   

The 2005 estimated median housing value for Pound’s Primary Trade Area is $73,378 which is slightly higher than the Secondary Trade Area (Wise, Clintwood, Jenkins, Eolia, and Mayking) who’s value is $68,438.  Of course this lages the median housing value for Virginia which is $212,000 (wildly skewed by high housing values in Northern Virginia) and the United States, which is $167,500. 

2. Residential Demand

As mentioned before, Pound is slightly growing with an estimated increase in population of about 160 people by 2010.  The growth of the community is also mirrored by growth in the housing supply.  In fact, 197 new housing units have been added to the stock since 1999.  In the five years prior to 1999 another 199 units were added to the stock.  This represents 16% of the housing units dating from 1995.   

Judging by these trends, it can be reasonably assumed that household size is declining and that many in the community are “upgrading” their housing with newer units since the pace of unit growth is outpacing that of population growth.   

To be sure, there will be some additional demand in housing.  We estimate somewhere between 10 and 20 units per year could be added to the Pound Primary Trade Area over the next few years.  In all likelihood, these units will mirror the existing conditions and be single-family detached houses or manufactured products.   

However, the market for apartments and “over the shop” living in downtowns has emerged as a trend in recent years.  Pound does have an existing supply of this housing type though anecdotes from the local community indicate constant turn-over and trouble leasing such units.   

It is difficult to “pin-down” particular demand for housing in the business district of Pound but it would seem that a limited number of units (perhaps a dozen or less) could be supported in the coming years.  These units would need to be targeted to the very limited market that exists for a for-rent attached product in the market.   
 
 

3. Physical Assessment

3.1.1 Introduction 

Many of the physical recommendations in this report are based on the team’s assessment of the physical condition of the Town in addition to input from stakeholders.  The Town was assessed in terms of overall character, districts the downtown core, gateways, physical infrastructure including streetscape and public spaces, architectural resources and natural features.  Refer to Map A, Pound Districts; Map B, Downtown Core Analysis; and Figure 7. 

3.1.2 Natural Features 

With its location within the Appalachians, Pound is blessed with outstanding natural features and resources.  Most distinct are the mountains and narrow valleys where settlement and development has occurred.  In addition, the meandering Pound River and its tributaries weave their way through the community in a way that makes it almost impossible not to be near a river or have views to a river corridor. Lush vegetation occurs throughout the community and occasional groupings of evergreens provide visual interest and frame pleasing vistas.  

Finally, the rivers which helped carve the valleys have resulted in rock outcroppings throughout Pound.  While most likely taken for granted, the presence of rock throughout contributes to Pound’s identity.  In addition, rock has been used historically as a building material for many of the buildings for steps and retaining and foundation walls.  Some homes and structures have been constructed of cultured stone as well.  There is the potential to use stone and stone accents throughout Pound to reinforce this identity. 

3.1.3 Town “Districts” 

Pound’s geographic location along the Pound River in the Appalachian Mountains results in a unique character for the community.  The town is comprised of a linear arrangement of developed “districts” each with a distinct “sense of place” defined by the adjacent hills and bends in the river.  Development between districts is less intense.   

The Downtown Core is the most intensely developed commercial district and is the heart of Pound. It is located at the junction of Main Street and Clintwood Highway.  Less intense commercial development occurs south of the core along Indian Creek Road, linking the core to another commercial district where the supermarket is located.  Less intense commercial development also occurs north of the core along Main Street, with more intense development clustered near the intersection of Main Street and Route 671.   

Challenges of geography (the Pound River, steep slopes, rock outcroppings, etc.) result in significant amounts of green space between districts.  One of the more distinct characteristics of Pound is the number of times one has to “cross” the Pound River, one of its forks or tributaries.  While these crossings may go unnoticed by many, they made a strong impression on this planning team, signaling the leaving of one district and arrival in another. This system of crossings and alternating rhythm of development and natural areas contributes to Pound’s unique character.  Future development and revitalization efforts should respect and capitalize on this inherent character. 

3.1.4 Downtown Core 

The Downtown Core is the most distinct district and represents the heart of Pound. Gateways into the core are clearly defined by the architecture and/or river crossings, leaving no doubt when one has “arrived downtown”. Gateways occur at each end of Main Street and at the river crossing along Clintwood Highway.  The intersection of Clintwood Highway and Main Street is the physical heart and main crossroads of the downtown and provides for a strong identity for Pound. Building facades are almost continuous within the core, as are sidewalks, providing opportunities for a walkable downtown.  While the Town Hall is located downtown and close to the core, it feels removed because it is separated from the core by the Pound River and it faces the rear facades of the development along Main Street. While physically removed, Town Hall is the civic heart of the community. Its relationship to the physical core should be strengthened. 

3.1.5 Gateways 

Gateways to a community are important because they establish a first impression of that community for visitors as well as residents who experience the gateways on a regular basis.  As described above, the gateways to Pound’s downtown core are quite distinct along Main Street and Clintwood Highway.  In addition, the gateways to the broader Pound community are quite distinct as well, particularly along Highway 23.  The natural characteristics of the Appalachians predominate along the highway providing for a very positive first impression of Pound.  The southern and northern gateways off of the highway are very visible and clearly defined, however, they don’t fully capitalize on the opportunity to draw upon the unique natural characteristics of the area to reinforce Pound’s identity.  There is a stone railroad abutment at the northern gateway to Main Street along the highway that could be incorporated into Pound’s identity.  New plantings at the southern gateway indicate a strong sense of community pride. There is an opportunity, however, to consider reorganizing and supplementing this planting to create a stronger gateway that is in scale with the highway.   

3.1.6 Physical Infrastructure 

Pound has a very distinctive and positive character as a result of the surrounding natural features and how they dictated development patterns.  The physical infrastructure, however, is in fairly poor condition, with the exception of recent improvements along Highland Avenue and the bridge crossing to the south of the downtown core.  The extent of the sidewalk system along Main Street to the north of the core and throughout downtown and the Town in general is quite impressive.  However, while the scale of the downtown lends itself to being very pedestrian-friendly and walkable, the condition of the sidewalks create walking hazards as well as poor “curb appeal”.  In addition, there is significant truck traffic that travels through the downtown, particularly through the un-signalized intersection of Main Street and Clintwood Highway,  which negatively influences the walkability of downtown. While this traffic cannot be eliminated, at least in the near future, other improvements to the sidewalk system and pedestrian network could help to mitigate the effects of the traffic.   

While downtown has a distinct core area, actual gathering spaces are very limited.  With the exception of small paved area surrounding the monument at Main and Clintwood and the new fenced play/picnic area at Town Hall, there are no places, other than parking lots, to accommodate events.  Because the Town Hall acts as the civic hub for Pound and, because of its adjacency to the river, consideration should be given to incorporating more of an outdoor civic space in this area.    

3.1.7 Architectural Resources

Many of the commercial buildings in Pound have been altered over the years, appear worn and few stand out as significant works of architecture. The almost continuous building façade in the downtown area and the resulting mix of building forms, however, results in a pleasing overall composition.  In addition, many of the buildings have “good bones” and have great potential to become an attractive part of the downtown experience.  The commercial building on Main Street, north of the downtown core is an excellent example of how a good selection of paint color and well-executed paint job can make a positive impact. 

3.1.8 Conclusions   

There are many physical characteristics that contribute to a town’s image and quality of life. Some are a result of location and geography, which means there is little one can do to change them, while others are the result of manmade influences and the built environment.  Pound is blessed with a premier natural environment of mountains, hills, valleys, rivers and lush vegetation that is the foundation for the community and has shaped how it has developed.  This results in an extremely positive identity and quality of life.  Many of the manmade influences, however, detract from these positive characteristics primarily because of the challenges of keeping the infrastructure maintained and in good repair. The good news is that these are all things that can, over time, be “fixed”.  The recommendations found later in this report focus on how revitalization efforts can focus on a few specific physical improvement projects which will not only improve the “curb appeal” and quality of life downtown, but will also support the economic and marketing objectives for Pound 
 

4. Four Strategies for Pound

1. An Active Downtown: Events and Marketing

1. Background

 
Pound has a strategic location on The Crooked Road, Virginia’s Heritage Music Trail.  The Crooked Road represents a significant partnership effort among many state and local groups to provide a cultural link for Southwest Virginia that will promote tourism and economic development respectful of the heritage, talents, and people of the region.  The Crooked Road is fast realizing its objectives with press in the Washington Post and Southern Living among many others.   

Pound has a unique location along the Crooked Road.  The road sharply turns in the middle of downtown Pound.  All who travel from the Country Cabin in Norton to the Ralph Stanley museum in Clintwood must pass through the heart of Pound.   

The community is uniquely positioned from a market standpoint as well.  While tourism traffic in downtown is not large yet, several significant findings of the market study show promise for Pound.  First, the visitors that do come to Pound, tend to browse the shops. Second, Pound has a niche in antiques and used merchandise and a smaller but no less significant niche in restaurants.   

The high quality and variety of the local retail base belies the relatively tired outward appearance of the business district.  This is a much easier problem to solve than a beautiful downtown with no business base since the base is largely intact.   

Perhaps most importantly, Pound lacks a cohesive positive image that reinforces community pride and promotes the town to the region and to visitors.   The community’s rich history, its personalities and famous hometown heroes, and its stunning physical location form the basis for an image that can reinforce all that is positive about the town. 

2. Goal

A thorough and thoughtful marketing effort will foster a positive image for Pound reinforcing community pride and driving activity to the Town.  The result will be an expanded customer base for existing and new businesses.

3. Action Strategies

First Steps – 2007

• Develop a marketing logo and brand for Pound that represents the community:  The Town of Pound and the local business community should work begin using a unified logo that helps reinforce a positive identity for the town.  Local businesses can use the logo in their advertising efforts while the town incorporates the brand into banners, gateway signs, and event marketing.  A unified “brand” will help reinforce a positive image for the community.  The image on the following page is a sample of a proposed logo that reinforces the unique position of Pound in the river valley along with the tag line “Where the Crooked Road Bends” indicating the strategic position of Pound on the Crooked Road Trail.    
  

• Host a monthly event series in downtown focusing on bringing local and regional residents into downtown.  Events have become a time-tested technique to retain and recruit business to a commercial district.  With Pound’s unique musical heritage as well as the student population of the community, the community should explore a monthly event series focusing on music.  Events can take time to generate large crowds but they can be key drivers to generate interest in the commercial district.  Some helpful hints can make events more successful:
• Hold events outside in a highly visible location. 
• Keep it small and simple.  There is no need to have the biggest and most impressive event, sometimes the more simple the event the more successful the outcome.
• Use local merchants and restaurants.  Allow them to showcase their products in a part of the event or direct visitors to businesses.  Some of the most successful events have happened inside retailers:  an antiques scavenger hunt or a progressive dinner. 
• Work with the local schools.  Nothing gets parents out more successfully than involving young people in an event.  Citizens of Pound are proud of J W Adams and Pound High and they will get involved in activities that relate to young people.
• Consider a charitable cause.  Even if the cause is revitalization of downtown, people are attracted to events that have a purpose.

• Use the town logo and brand to create a shopping and dining guide to Pound.  The retail choices in Pound are significant but it is often hard for people to realize everything offered without it being in “black and white”.  A shopping and dining guide both in print and at the www.townofpound.com is a great way to communicate everything Pound has to offer.  The Virginia Tourism Corporation has a mini-grant program to fund brochures and activities that drive tourism to a community.  Information about the grant can be found at www.vatc.org. 

Next Steps – 2008-2009

• Develop the Pound Ambassadors program to recruit additional retail to downtown Pound.  The data in this report can be used to help provide information to businesses in the region that might be looking at expansion into Pound.  Community ambassadors are volunteers who travel to targeted businesses with information about expansion opportunities in Pound.  They are not looking to “poach” businesses from other places, but rather are talking about additional location opportunities in Pound.  Other communities have used similar programs to attract new business to downtown.  
• Form a Pound Merchant’s Association to jointly promote local businesses.  With the significant number of merchants in town, Pound would greatly benefit from a Merchant’s or Business Association.  Such a group could provide a forum for businesses to discuss issues, plan events and eventually develop cooperative marketing in the region.  For Pound, the association need not be a “formal” meeting each month but rather an informal get together quarterly.

• Develop joint marketing between the community and local businesses.  Once the Pound Merchant’s Association is formed, they should explore a joint marketing effort to promote the businesses of Pound in a cooperative manner.  The example below shows how a launch ad for a cooperative effort might look. 

2. Building the Business: Preparing for Private Investment

1. Background

Pound has the potential to capture sales from local customers who are leaving the market to make purchases elsewhere and to expand both its market reach and the visitor base to the community.    With over thirty retail merchants, Pound has a high quality retail base for a town its size and a niche market in antique stores and restaurants that it can use to capture additional market share in other retail categories.  While the inside quality and variety of the stores is excellent, the outside appearance of the downtown is tired and worn.  With a fresh looking appearance, Pound could realize considerable “buzz” and generate additional traffic for its retailers. 

2. Goal

Downtown Pound will realize its market potential as dilapidated building are revitalized with freshly painted facades and renovated storefronts. 

First Steps – 2007

• Implement a façade master plan program to renovate all storefronts in downtown Pound collectively. Several communities in South Carolina have pursued grant funding that has helped fund a “facade master plan.”  Unlike a traditional facade grant program, this is a comprehensive rehabilitation of many downtown buildings at once. The property owner gives the Town or a comparable entity a temporary easement (usually five to seven years) on the facade of their building allowing the local government to spend funds on its improvement. In exchange for this temporary easement, the Town administers 100% grant funds that will pay for a facade improvement program. The advantages of this type of program are several:  

1. It allows for a single source of project management, a single source of design, and a single source for construction that makes the project run more efficiently while creating a design that preserves the overall appearance of the community.

2. It allows for a dramatic makeover of a number of facades at once unlike traditional grant programs that rely on the property owner to become motivated to participate. 
3. It allows the funding to be allocated in the most efficient way possible.  An allocation of $7000 per building will allow flexibility.  Some buildings will require only $2000 of improvements while others will require $10,000. 
4. When used in conjunction with a major grant source like CDBG funds, the facade enhancements are realized with no costs to the building owner or tenant allowing them to concentrate on interior upfit, marketing, or other efforts. 

   Process:

1. Apply for and receive grant funding for design and construction.
2. Develop guidelines for the administration of the grant funds including a selection process for façade grant recipients.  For Pound we are recommending an initial grant funding of $150,000 that would allocate $7000 per façade for 25 facades.  This will allow some facades to receive less and others more.  Pound may wish to further screen applicants based on investments they may be making on the interiors of buildings. 
3. Solicit RFQ for design professionals to develop the facade enhancement designs.
4. Negotiate and hire design professional.
5. Design professional photographs subject properties and interviews each property owner/tenant to ascertain appropriate enhancement approach.
6. Design professional develops renderings and technical recommendations for each facade.
7. Administrative party and design professional develop specifications and bid documents.
8. Prospective contractors pre-qualified.
9. Bid package submitted to pre-qualified contractors.
10. Negotiate with and hire low bidder.
11. Construction commences with oversight by administrative party and design professional.
12. Punch list and project close out.

In total, the effort could take as little as ten months to complete.  The example below showing Whitmire, South Carolina illustrates the significant impact that a façade master plan can have on a downtown’s appearance.   This project is being implemented and will be complete this summer.   

• Continue to host and promote an annual clean-up day in Pound.  The first Pound clean up day was held in 2006.  This is an important step to get volunteers involved in the process.  The next clean-up day could be held in conjunction with the façade improvements occurring downtown. 

Next Steps – 2008-2009

• Develop loan pool program for small business support.  Loan pools have been successful tools in helping communities do creative projects, fund business start-ups, and create investment in revitalization.  For Pound, we are recommending a start up fund of $100,000 for a loan pool program that can be housed with the Town or through a cooperative effort of the local banks and the town.  
• Work with additional property owners on renovation and up-fit of entire buildings to prepare for retail growth.  Every property owner is not likely to participate in the façade program initially.  Pound will want to reserve some funds for a second phase project in 2009. 

3. A Walking Downtown: Streetscape Enhancements

1. Background

Visitors to local shops are browsing and the physical structure of the downtown core results in a distinct “sense of place”.  While sidewalks are present, some physical improvements to the sidewalks have been completed including the first phase of the “Riverwalk,” however, most are in poor condition.  Some businesses have also created sidewalk displays that add interest to the pedestrian experience, however, street furniture and pedestrian-scaled lighting is absent.  There is one crosswalk in the core area which is inadequate for the size of the downtown core, particularly when considering the amount of vehicular and truck traffic through the downtown. Refer to Map C, Downtown Pound Illustrative Master Plan.

2. Goal

Residents and visitors to downtown Pound will be greeted with a friendly, comfortable and appealing streetscape with improved infrastructure creating a safe and walkable downtown

3. Action Strategies

First Steps – 2007

• Continue sidewalk improvement program by focusing improvements in the downtown core area. While the condition of sidewalks needs to be addressed throughout Pound, the focus should be the downtown core area where shoppers are already browsing.  Since downtown represents the heart of the community, the investment here will make the most positive impact.  This recommendation includes the following:
• Focus area should be from the west side of the Clintwood Highway bridge, to the north side of the Main Street bridge (just north of the intersection with North River Road) and to the end of the continuous building façade line along Main Street, at the former movie theater building      (Figure 8).
• Improvements should be simple and straightforward and durable.  Simple scored concrete can be effective if well done. Funding toward building facades will have more of a positive impact than expensive paving materials.
• Paving should be scored poured in place concrete with concrete curb and gutter.  Width will vary from 5-12’ depending on location.  Where possible, grade changes in the sidewalk should be eliminated, however, this will not be possible in many locations.  Scoring pattern or concrete color should highlight any stepped condition.
• A staggered scoring pattern should be considered to provide visual interest and to give the impression of stone slabs (Figures 8A and 8C).
• Lighting conduit should be placed beneath the sidewalk during construction so that new pedestrian-scaled streetlights could be provided at a later date.
• Post and chain barriers in areas where sidewalk is tight and close to the road edge (Figure 8C).
• Develop well-marked crosswalks throughout downtown. The significant amounts of traffic, particularly truck traffic, results in an uncomfortable pedestrian environment.  Well delineated crosswalks not only provide logical places for pedestrians to cross, but they also provide strong visual cues for motorists to slow down. This recommendation includes the following:
• Locations of crosswalks will need to be coordinated with VDOT.
• Marked crosswalks should be a minimum of 12’ wide and identified with “Pedestrian Crossing” signage. 
• If permissible by VDOT, consideration should be given to utilizing stamped colored asphalt to distinguish crosswalks.  A stone paving or cobble stamp pattern should be utilized to reinforce the use of stone used throughout Pound.  However, a brick pattern may also be used if desired.

Consideration should be given to providing curb extensions at some or all crosswalk locations within the downtown core (Figures 8A and 8C). While the extensions would result in the loss of a few on-street parking spaces, additional parking can be picked up in public lots as described later in this report.  The curb extensions would shorten the distance that pedestrians have to cross and provide “traffic-calming” as well as planting areas for street trees and/or annual flowers.  If curb extensions are not possible, the crosswalk pattern should extend the entire way across the street.

• Landscape attractive gateways to town at each entryway from By-Pass 23 and on the Clintwood Highway.  Gateways help establish visitors’ first impressions of a community and help to instill community pride for its residents. Each gateway into Pound should include landscape treatment that is appropriate to the scale and surroundings of the gateway.  This recommendation includes the following:
• South Gateway at Highway 23 should include gateway elements within the green “triangle” of land including a gateway sign with a stone base (as illustrated in this report in Section_____), a low stone wall (12-18” height) and supplemental plant material, particularly evergreen trees.  The recently installed plant material consisting of small evergreen trees and flowers is attractive, however, it could make more impact if the plant material was grouped together in one larger mass, supplemented by taller evergreen trees as a backdrop (Figure 9).
• North Gateway at Highway 23 should include gateway elements on the southeast side of the intersection to attract visitors from the north.  Elements should include a grouping of evergreen trees as a backdrop, masses of seasonal color, a gateway sign with a stone base.  In addition, consideration should be given to working with local artists to paint a mural (or “Welcome to Pound” sign) on the abandoned stone railroad abutment.
• Downtown Gateways should be limited to gateway signs with stone bases with some seasonal flowers as space is limited.  Three gateways should be provided with one on the downtown side of the Pound River on Clintwood Highway, and one at each end of Main Street in the downtown core. Consideration should be given to working with property owners of the two buildings on Main Street at the north end of the downtown core to incorporate murals on the blank walls as part of the downtown gateway (Figure 9).

• Begin laying the groundwork for a new “Town Square” in front of Town Hall to host events and activities and enhance the civic prominence of the Town Hall. Town Hall is the “civic hub” of Pound, however it is somewhat disconnected from the downtown core by the Pound River.  In addition, the predominant image of Town Hall is a large parking lot, in spite of the outstanding new playground and picnic facility recently constructed.  Because of Town Hall’s civic importance and proximity to the River and the downtown core, there is an outstanding opportunity to create a great civic space that would not only enhance Town Hall’s image, but also provide a much needed venue for outdoor events of various sizes.  The recommendation is to take a phased approach at creating a Town Square.  While the creation of this space is not an immediate priority, it is important to begin steps to allow for the creation of the space in the future. The majority of this implementation will occur in Next Steps and Final Steps, however, following is a critical first step which should occur:
• Explore feasibility of acquiring land (trailer apartments) to the north of Town Hall to allow for future expansion of parking area so that much of the existing parking area can ultimately be converted to open space as described later in this section of the report.
• Begin laying groundwork for the creation of public (or shared) parking facilities to the north of the downtown core to accommodate increased visitation.  Additional convenient parking will be important to support increased business and events within the downtown.  There are two areas where public parking facilities might be feasible, on each side of Main Street just to the north of the downtown core.  Exploration should begin to determine potential property acquisition or partnership opportunities with private property owners to create public or public/private parking resources in the future (Figure 10).

Next Steps – 2008-2009

• Develop way-finding system throughout Pound community directing residents to civic, cultural, natural, and parking resources.  For Pound, wayfinding signs are going to be a critical component of the success of directing consumers off of the by-pass and into the core of the community.  The wayfinding signs should follow the design for the town logo and incorporate directional signage to major amenities in the community.  The example below shows how a wayfinding system would work. 

• Connect downtown sidewalk improvements to recently completed Highland Avenue and Riverwalk.  Create loop between Main Street and the Town Hall. By building on the initial streetscape improvements outlined above, there is an opportunity to create a walking “loop” with connections across the Pound River between the downtown core and Town Hall and between the downtown core and Highland Avenue and the Riverwalk (Figure11).  This recommendation includes the following:
• With the exception of the frontage along North River Road, paving should be scored poured in place concrete with concrete curb and gutter.  Width will average 5’ but should allow for no less than 3’ of unobstructed area to meet ADA requirements.  
• A staggered scoring pattern should be considered to provide visual interest and to give the impression of stone slabs (Figures 8A and 8C).
• A sturdy prefabricated pedestrian bridge should replace the existing pedestrian bridge which crosses the Pound River between North River Road and Main Street. A potential alternative location (or additional future location) would be closer to Town Hall, as shown on Figure 11. This would require cooperation from the Main Street property owner.
• A pedestrian walkway should be provided along North River Road to link the pedestrian bridge crossing and Town Hall.  While North River Road does not receive a significant amount of traffic, there should be a separate pedestrian walkway to help connect Town Hall to the downtown core. There are two options for the walkway.  One option is to widen North River Road to the west approximately 5’ and stripe a 5’ walkway zone along the west side or adjacent to the existing guardrail on the east side. The desire would be to locate this on the east side if possible so that pedestrians can be engaged with the river corridor. Widening the road to allow this additional walkway zone would require coordination with adjacent property owners.

      A second option is to create a boardwalk “overhang” on the east side of the existing guardrail.   This could provide a dramatic overlook for the river corridor, while allowing for a walkway along  the slope.  This option would not require North River Road to be widened (Figure 11A).

• Consideration should be given to providing lighting conduit beneath these additional sidewalk areas during construction so that new pedestrian-scaled streetlights could be provided at a later date, should they be desired.
• Install decorative streetlights in downtown along with pedestrian amenities (benches, trashcans, etc.). New pedestrian lights should be provided within the downtown core along sidewalks that would have been upgraded during the First Steps as outlined above.  This would be a fairly uncomplicated task if conduit is installed with the sidewalk during construction.  Otherwise, portions of the sidewalk would need to be torn up to accommodate lighting conduit.  A standard design bench, trash receptacle and bike rack should also be installed as part of this project.  Benches should be used sparingly and located in areas where people are likely to congregate, such as the curb extensions if developed (Figure 8A). The design style should be selected during the detail streetscape design.  Regardless of the design style, it should be compatible with the character of Pound and should be durable (Figure 8B).
• Initiate first improvements for the new “Town Square” in front of Town Hall to host events and activities and enhance the civic prominence of the Town Hall. The initial improvements will consist of the following:
• Commission detailed design plans for the ultimate design of Town Square
• Based on the ultimate design, remove approximately 6-8 parking spaces to create large planting islands and plant deciduous shade trees in these islands. The trees should be planted in an area where they will work in the ultimate Town Square design.  Ideally, they would frame the entrance to Town Hall and define an “outdoor room”.  Most of the parking would be maintained, however, during events, the parking could be moved out of this central area and the central area could become an event space.  Special paving such as stamped colored asphalt could also be applied to North River Road to visually announce this as a special area and connect to the boardwalk or sidewalk area along North River Road (as described in the First Steps). The most important step, however, would be to add trees to begin defining the space and providing shade.  Trees should be of a variety that gets large and would allow views beneath the canopies (such as Oaks or Maples) as opposed to small ornamental trees (Figure 12).
• Develop public parking resources to the north of the downtown core on either side (or both sides) of Main Street to accommodate increased visitation and events. New parking resources could help offset any loss of parking spaces that result from streetscape improvements, but, more importantly will support new business development.  This recommendation includes:
• East Lot:  Construct approximately 25 asphalt parking spaces.  If budget allows, provide concrete curb and gutter.  Provide 1-2 landscape islands to accommodate shade trees.  If space allows, provide narrow planting median between Main Street and the parking area.  Continue pedestrian scaled street lighting along frontage of parking lot (Figure 13).
• West Lot: Construct approximately 35 asphalt parking spaces.  If budget allows, provide concrete curb and gutter.  Provide median between Main Street and parking area to accommodate large canopy shade trees since space will be limited along the frontage of the East Lot described above.  Provide pedestrian connection between Main Street and pedestrian bridge connecting over to North River Road (Figure 13). 

Final Steps – 2010-2015

• Extend sidewalk system beyond the downtown area to the south.  A sidewalk should also be provided along Indian Creek Road, linking downtown with the supermarket commercial area to the south (Figure 14A). As with North River Road, there is an opportunity to explore two options which are described below:
• A sidewalk zone could be provided on the west side of the road along property frontages.  The sidewalk should be scored concrete with concrete curb and gutter to match sidewalk improvements provided in the downtown core during earlier phases.  Because there are many commercial driveway cuts along this stretch of road, the curb will need to be depressed along the driveways.  The concrete sidewalk should extend across the driveway, however, to provide a well-delineated pedestrian zone that is highly visible to motorists (Figure 14B).
• Another, more exciting, option would be to create a boardwalk along the east side of Indian Creek Road.  This would allow pedestrian’s to better experience the river corridor which is quite prominent along this stretch. A boardwalk would require that the existing ornamental trees be removed and replaced.  Replacements should be tall canopy trees that would allow unobstructed views to the river (Figures 14A, 14B and 11A).
• Create an expanded town square in concert with Town Hall expansion. Using design drawings prepared in earlier phases, complete the Town Square, if the adjacent property to the north can be acquired (Figure 15). This recommendation is detailed below:
• Relocate the majority of parking spaces from in front of Town Hall to the property to the north in a new parking facility that would serve Town Hall and the public.  The new lot, as shown, could accommodate approximately 50 spaces.
• Planting islands should be incorporated into the parking lot design to accommodate large shade trees.
• Working around the trees planted in an earlier phase, create a small “lawn” with special paving around the perimeter to accommodate benches and small events.  The existing drop-off loop could be maintained, however, the pavement should be stamped colored asphalt to provide more visual interest.  During larger events, it could be closed off to traffic to allow for an expanded Town Square.  Very large events could utilize the new parking lot to the north in conjunction with the Town Square.  Planted tree islands would make this an attractive venue, even if it is a parking lot.
• Plant large shade trees adjacent to the perimeter of the playground and picnic area to provide shade and scale.
• Provide sidewalk connections among the parking lot, playground area, Town Hall and Town Square.
• Additional pedestrian lighting:  Provide additional pedestrian lighting along the sidewalk extensions added in the earlier phase (Figure 11) to complete lighting around the downtown/Town Hall “loop”.

4. The Natural Course: History and Nature

1. Background

Pound is the home to numerous famous people and events including Francis Gary Powers, Glenn Roberts, Napolean Hill and others.  The community needs to reinforce local pride and tell its story to locals, regional residents, and visitors as a tactic to recruit interest and pride in Pound.  The history of the community, coupled with its spectacular setting and its location on the Crooked Road trail can result in increased tourism that will fuel the revitalization effort for Poud. 

2. Goal

The Town of Pound will actively market its most important assets – its history and the natural environment.  Both residents and visitors alike will learn about Pound’s forefathers, its musical heritage, and will enjoy the natural environment.

3. Action Strategies

First Steps – 2007

• Identify those people with interest in history and music to expand downtown revitalization committees, create oral histories, and work with local schools. The Pound revitalization effort has taken significant strides toward this goal.  It should continue the efforts to promote the musical heritage of Pound. 

• Implement the Pound banner program promoting significant historic points and people.  The example below shows how a banner program can be more than a “standard” way of beautifying the community.  It can profile the people and places that make a place unique.  Pound could implement the banner program even before the first phase of streetscape construction begins. 

Next Steps – 2008-2009

• Improve connections to and identification of the river and improve the riverbanks. Some of the sidewalk improvements described earlier will fulfill an important objective of exposing more people to the river and its tributaries.  In addition, consideration should be given to improving the riverbanks by removing invasive plant materials, planting native shade and ornamental trees and through stabilization of the stream banks through the use of natural stone and boulders.  A thorough river assessment is required before proceeding with this recommendation to evaluate different areas of the river and determine restoration methods that are most appropriate (Figures 14B and 16). 

Final Steps – 2010-2015

• Connect Pound Dam and Lake through to downtown and the Riverwalk with Town-wide pedestrian system.   Sidewalks are in particularly poor condition along Main Street in the commercial district near the intersection of Main Street and Rt. 671.  Sidewalk program of 5’ wide concrete sidewalks with curb and gutter should continue along Main Street, ultimately out to the highway with connections to Pound Lake.  Conduit for pedestrian-scaled lighting will not be necessary along this segment of Main Street (Figure 14).    
  

5. Implementation Strategy and Action Plan

1. The Strategy Board

1. Projects and Initiatives

The attached “Strategy Board” summarizes all of the projects and recommendations included in this report.  The board is intended to be used as working document for benchmarking and ongoing evaluation of the implementation process.  Each recommendation that is presented in brief on the strategy board is supported in this report document.

2. Strategies and Visions

Each of the plan strategies and visions are outlined in the strategy board.  It is important to remember the ultimate marketing and development strategies that each project supports.  Each of these strategies is linked with one another, but failure to achieve one goal does not negate the ability to achieve others.  

3. Responsibilities

The strategy board presents the partner organizations.  The Town of Pound should foster an ongoing discussion with various partners to see which responsibilities each will take the lead on.  Each partner is color-coded and can identified next to each strategy. As the plan progresses, these responsibilities should be reevaluated to determine where roles should change or shift.

4. Time Frames

The projects are divided into three time frames.  The first series of projects are demonstration projects that should begin immediately.  For the most part, these are simple projects that will be highly visible, have significant impact and should be completed within the first year after the plan is adopted.  The second set of projects is labeled “mid term” or next step projects.  Some of these are more advanced projects while others are continuations of projects that began during the demonstration period.  The next step projects should be completed within the following two years.  The final series of projects are long-term or plan completion projects.  Many of the projects begun in the next steps phase will not be completed until after 2011. Over time this category will continue to fill as priorities evolve. 

The strategy board and its recommendations represent a “living document”.  As time goes by and implementation proceeds, some priorities will shift while other ones will arise.  The implementation strategy board should be evaluated periodically, no less than annually.  This evaluation process will allow for finished tasks to be indicated on the board, for responsibilities to be shifted between parties, and for time frames to be adjusted for individual projects.

2. Funding Strategy and Cost Estimates

1. Pound, Virginia Master Plan Economic Restructuring Project Budgets

2. Pound, Virginia Master Plan Physical Project Budgets

3. Conclusion

This report is the product of an unprecedented effort on the part of the Town of Pound to engage the community in an effort to examine the future success of the downtown.  It is only through this continued spirit of partnership that the plan can be successful.